[Effect of intravenous hypertonic solution administration on the abomasal emptying in newborn calves]

It has been shown that the rate at which a meal leaves the abomasum is influenced by the volume, constituents and pH of the chyme through duodenal receptors. A direct correlation between tonicity of oral solutions and abomasal emptying has been observed. It has been noted that if the osmolarity of an oral solution is increased, the rate of emptying from the abomasum decreases. Nowadays Hypertonic solutions are widely used to treat septic shock and diarrhea. Determination of the effects of intravenous hypertonic Dextrose and Sodium Chloride solutions on the abomasal emptying in neonatal calves. The present study was carried out on Six 5 to 8 day-old colostrum-fed Holstein-Friesian calves. Calves were administered each of 4 treatments in a crossover study. Each calf was weighed and then assigned to one of the following treatments at 1 ml/kg body weight [BW] IV in random order: 1] 0.9% NaCl, equivalent to 308 mOsm/L [volume control]; 2] 7.2% NaCl, equivalent to 2500 mOsm/L [osmolality control]; 3] 5% dextrose, equivalent to 0.05 g dextrose/kg BW at 250 mOsm/L; and 4] 50% dextrose, equivalent to 0.5 g dextrose/kg BW at 2500 mOsm/L. All 4 solutions were injected over 1 minute at a smooth rate, and time = 0 minutes was the start of injection. Immediately after administration of each treatment, the calves were allowed to suckle 2Lof fresh cow's milk at room temperature [19[degree sign] to 22[degree sign]C] that contained a dose of acetaminophen [50 mg/kg BW]. Abomasal emptying rate was measured by use of the acetaminophen absorption technique as previously described. Venous blood samples for determination of plasma acetaminophen, glucose and insulin concentration were collected. The results of the current study revealed that there was no difference in abomasal emptying rate between the 4 treatments. The results indicate that IV isotonic and hypertonic solutions, unlike the oral route have no effect on abomasal emptying

[Induction of experimental type 2 diabetes using olive and rump oils in rat]

Too much fat in the diet can cause insulin resistance. This study was conducted to provide a suitable experimental model of type 2 diabetes and to compare the potency of olive and rump oils in the induction of insulin resistance. The study was done in three phases, each with 15 male Sprague dawley rats. The control, olive oil, and rump oil, groups were fed the commercial diet, and diets supplemented by 31% olive or rump oils for three weeks, respectively [first stage], and then diabetes was induced by IP injection of 35 mg/kg STZ [stages 2 and 3]. The oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] showed glucose intolerance in both oil groups, compared to the control group [p<0.05], in stage 1, but increases in blood glucose levels were higher in the olive oil group in the second stage. TC and LDL-C levels increased by both the oils, especially olive oil. Insulin level was higher in the rump oil groups, especially after diabetes induction. Insulin sensitivity, as shown by the insulin tolerance test [ITT] and HOMA-IR, were decreased by both oils, especially rump oil. Although both oils had significant effects on metabolism, olive oil use was accompanied by more dyslipidemia, whereas rump oil increased insulin resistance more effectively. It seems that rump oil may be a more appropriate model for studies investigating disorders of carbohydrate metabolism of type 2 diabetes and olive oil, for induction of dyslipidemia and probably the metabolic syndrome

[ effects of sesame oil on some reproductive parameters of male rats]

Sesame seeds contain large amounts of antioxidants and phytoestrogens, and it has been shown that the leaf extract of this plant may have some beneficial effects on the reproductive parameters of male rats. Thus we tested the effects of the sesame oil on these parameters of re productivity in male rats. Fifteen mature male Wistar male rats were divided into the control and sesame oil groups. For eight weeks the control and sesame oil groups were fed the basic rat diet and basic rat diet supplemented with 5% sesame oil respectively. Following blood collection and euthanasia the epididymal sperm were counted, the morphology of testes was accessed, and leydig, sertoli, spermatogonia and spermatocyts cells were counted in histological sections of the testes. The level of testosterone and estradiol 17-beta were measured. Consumption of 5% sesame oil compared to control group, decreased blood glucose and increased the epididymal sperm count and progressive motility and the number of spermatogonia of seminiferous tubule [P<0.05], but had no effect on weight and testicular morphology. This study showed that the sesame oil consumption improves some reproductive parameters, which may be related to the antioxidative and phytostrogenic properties of the sesame oil or insulin action improvement

[Preventive effect of Iranian green and black tea on diet induced obesity in rats]

Traditional medicine can be considered as a method to reduce dietary obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of Iranian green and black tea on diet induced obesity. Twenty four male Wistar rats [180 +/- 20 g] were divided into four groups. Control group was fed with rat regular diet [4% fat], and the three reminder groups were fed by high fat diet [25% fat]. While control [C] and a high fat group [HF] had ad libitum access to water, the rest high fat groups had free access to drinking black tea [HF+BT] or green tea [HF+GT] instead of water. Eight week later rats were euthanized, weighed and their abdominal fat and organs separated and weighed. While Feed intake showed significant decrease in HF group compared with the control group [99.25 +/- 12.03 vs. 113.59 +/- .14.40 g/day; p<0.05], the levels of energy intake [454.54 +/- 55.09 vs. 405.52 +/- 51.43 kcal/day; p<0.05] and weight showed increase [283.33 +/- 13.84 vs.223.33 +/- 15.11g; p<0.05]. Green and black tea made decrease in body weight gain compared to the HF group [71.67 +/- 1.61g and 57 +/- 12.95 vs. 104.33 +/- 21.75 g; p<0.05]. However, the abdominal fat was just lower in HF+BT group than the HF group [2.90 +/- 0.56 vs. 4.19+.77g; p<0.05]. Consumption of Iranian black and green tea may help to regulate body weight and reduce weight gain induced by high caloric food